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The challenges
of multiculturalism
There is a growing debate on the relationship between ethnic heterogeneity
and social capital. This section collects studies addressing the
role of ethnic fragmentation and migratory flows in social capital's
generation and accumulation mechanisms. Empirical studies on the
relationship between economic development and some aspects of the
social structure are included when ethno-linguistic fragmentation
is considered among the latters. Thanks are due to Natalia
Letki, who suggested me to create this section and chose its
name.
• Essential readings
• Further readings
• Back to Generating social
capital section
The section is under construction:
suggestions and comments
are always most welcome.
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Essential Readings
•
Alesina, A., La Ferrara, E. (2000), Participation
in Heterogeneous Communities, The Quarterly Journal of Economics,
August 2000, Vol. 115, No. 3, 847-904(58).
•
Alesina, A., La Ferrara, E. (2002), Who
Trusts Others?, Journal of Public Economics 85, 207-234.
• Chen, X. (2000), Both Glue and Lubricant:
Transnational Ethnic Social Capital as a Source of Asia-Pacific
Subregionalism, Policy Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 3 pp.269-287.
•
Collier, P. (1999), The
Political Economy of Ethnicity, Annual Bank Conference on Development
Economics 1998, Washington, DC, The World Bank.
• McLeod P.L., Lobel, S.A., Cox, T.H. (1996), Ethnic Diversity
and Creativity in Small Groups, Small Group Research 27 (2), 248-264.
• Miguel, E., Gugerty, M.K. (2002), Ethnic
Diversity, Social Sanctions and Public Goods in Kenya, University
of California Berkeley, mimeo.
• Portes, A. (ed) (1995), The Economic Sociology of Immigration:
Essays on Networks, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship, New York, Russel
Sage Foundation.
• Portes, A. (2003), Ethnicities:
Children of Migrants in America, Development September 2003,
vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 42-52(11).
• Portes, A., Sensenbrenner, J. (1993), Embeddedness and Immigration:
Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action, American Journal
of Sociology, 98(6), 1320-1350.
• Varshney, A. (2002), Ethnic
Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India, New Haven,
Yale University Press.
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Further Readings
• Alesina, A., Baqir, R., Easterly, W. (1997), Public
Goods and Ethnic Divisions, The Quarterly Journal of Economics,
114(4), 1243-1284.
• Alesina, A., Devleesschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurlat, S.,
Wacziarg, R. (2003), Fractionalization,
Journal of Economic Growth, 8, 155-194.
• Almond, G.A., Verba, S. (1963), The Civic Culture: Political
Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton, Princeton University
Press.
• Amudeo-Dorantes, C., Mundra,
K. (2004), Social
Networks and Their Impact on the Employment and Earnings of Mexican
Immigrants, San Diego State University, Department of Economics,
mimeo.
• Annett, A. (2001), Social
Fractionalization, Political Instability, and the Size of Government,
IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 48, No. 3, International Monetary Fund.
• Bauer, T., Epstein, G., Gang, I.N. (2000), What
Are Migration Networks?, IZA Discussion Paper No. 200, Institute
for the Study of Labour.
• Bedolla, L.G., Scola, B. (2004), Race,
Social Relations and the Study of Social Capital, Paper presented
at the 2004 American Political Science Association annual meeting,
Chicago, IL, September 1-4, 2004.
• Bernabé Aguilera, M. (2003),
The
Impact of the Worker: How Social Capital and Human Capital Influence
the Job Tenure of Formerly Undocumented Mexican Immigrants,
Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 73, Issue 1, February 2003.
• Black, J.H. (1987), The Practice of Politics in Two Settings:
Political Transferability Among Recent Immigrants to Canada, Canadian
Journal of Political Science, 20, 731-753.
• Borjas, G. (1995), Ethnicity,
Neighborhoods, and Human Capital Externalities, The American
Economic Review, Vol. 85, no. 3 (1995): 365-390.
• Bouckaert, J., Dhaene, G. (2002), Inter-Ethnic
Trust and Reciprocity: Results of an Experiment with Small Business
Entrepreneurs, Universiteit Gent, Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde
Working Paper 2002/150.
• Bueker, C., Glick, J.E., White, M. (2002), The
Impact of Immigration on Residential Segregation, Revisited,
Paper presented to the American Sociological Association, August
2002.
• Carroll, B., Carroll, T. (2000), Accommodating
ethnic diversity in a modernizing democratic state: theory and practice
in the case of Mauritius, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 23,
No. 1, 120-142.
• Chang, H. (1997), Democracy,
Diversity, and Social Capital, National Civic Review, Vol. 86,
No. 2, 141-147.
• Charles, K., Kline, P. (2002), Relational
Costs and the Production of Social Capital: Evidence from Carpooling,
NBER Working Paper N. 9041.
• Chen, X. (2000), Both
Glue and Lubricant: Transnational Ethnic Social Capital as a Source
of Asia-Pacific Subregionalism, Policy Sciences, Vol. 33, No.
3 pp.269-287.
• Coffé, H., Geys, B. (2005), Community
Heterogeneity: A Burden for the Creation of Social Capital?,
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Political Science.
• Collier, P., Gunning, J.W. (1997), Explaining
African Economic Performance, Journal of Economic Literature,
64-111.
• Costa, D., Kahn, M. (2003), Civic
Engagement and Community Heterogeneity: An Economist’s Perspective,
Perspectives on Politics. 1(1), 103-111.
• Dakhli, M., Khorram, S., Vora, D. (2004), Cultural
Diversity, Information Pooling, and Group Effectiveness: A Network
Approach, Paper presented at the JIBS/AIB
Paper Development Workshop, July 10, 2004 in Stockholm, Sweden.
• De Souza Briggs, X. (1998), Brown
Kids in White Suburbs: Housing Mobility and the Many Faces of Social
Capital, Housing Policy Debate, Volume 9, Issue 1.
• Easterly, W. (2000), Can
Institutions Resolve Ethnic Conflict?, Economic Development
and Cultural Change v49, n4: 687-706.
• Easterly, W., Levine, R. (1995), Africa's
Growth Tragedy: A Retrospective, 1960-89, Policy Research Working
Paper 1503, Policy Research Department, Washington, DC, World Bank.
• Fearon, J., Laitin, D. (1996), Explaining
Interethnic Cooperation, American Political Science Review,
90(4), 715-735.
• Fedderke, J., Klitgaard, R. (1998), Economic
Growth and Social Indicators: An Exploratory Analysis, Economic
Development and Cultural Change, 46(3), 455-489.
• Fisman, R. (2000), Preferential
credit? Ethnic and indigenous firms vie for equal access, Columbia
University (USA) / id21 Development Reporting Service.
• Forbes, H.D. (1997), Ethnic
Conflict: Commerce, Culture and the Contact Hypotesis, London,
Yale University Press.
• Galooba-Mutebi, F. (2004), Witchcraft,
Trust and Reciprocity Among Mozambican Refugees and Their South
African Hosts in a Lowveld Village, Forced Migration Working
Paper Series n.9, Forced Migration Studies Programme, University
of the Witwatersrand.
• Glick, J.E., Kim, A., White, M. (2003), Mapping
Social Distance: Ethnic Residential Segregation in a Multiethnic
Metro, Preliminary PAA Draft, 15 April, 2003.
• Gonzales, K.P., Stoner, C., Jovel, J.E. (2003), Examining
the Role of Social Capital in Access to College for Latinas: Toward
a College Opportunity Framework, Journal of Hispanic Higher
Education, Vol. 2, No. 2, 146-170 (2003).
• Granovetter, M. (1995), The Economic Sociology of Firms and
Entrepreneurs, in Portes, A. (ed), The Economic Sociology of Immigration:
Essays on Networks, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship, New York, Russel
Sage Foundation.
•
Hao, L., Johnson, R.W. (2000), Economic,
Cultural, and Social Origins of Emotional Well-Being: Comparisons
of Immigrants and Natives at Midlife, Research on Aging, November
2000, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 599-629(31).
• Heliwell, J.F. (1996), Do
Borders Matter for Social Capital? Economic Growth and Civic Culture
in U.S. States and Canadian Provinces, NBER Working Paper No.
W5863.
• Johnston, R. Soroka, S.N. (2001), Social
Capital in a Multicultural Society. The Case of Canada, in Dekker,
P., Uslaner, E. (eds), Social
Capital and Participation in Everyday Life, London, Routledge.
• Junius, K., Nitsch, V. (2001), Ethnic
Ties, Search Costs and Trade: An Empirical Investigation, DGZ-Deka
Bank and Bankgesellschaft Berlin, mimeo.
• Kaufman, G., White, M. (1997),
Language
Usage, Social Capital, and School Completion among Immigrants and
Native-Born Ethnic Groups, Social Science Quarterly, 78(June
1997), 385-398.
• Knack, S., Keefer, P. (1997), Does
Social Capital Have An Economic Payoff? A Cross Country Investigation,
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112/4, 1251-1288.
• Lassen, D.D. (2003), Ethnic
Divisions, Trust, and the Size of the Informal Sector, Economic
Policy Research Unit and University of Copenhagen, mimeo.
• Lehning, P.B. (1998), Towards a Multicultural Civil Society:
The Role of Social Capital and Democratic Citizenship, Government
and Opposition, 33, 2, 221.
• Leigh, A. (2004), Does
Equality Lead to Fraternity?, John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Harvard University, mimeo.
• Leigh, A. (2004), Trust,
Inequality and Ethnic Heterogeneity, John F. Kennedy School
of Government, mimeo.
• Leonard, J.S., Levine, D. (2004),
Diversity,
Discrimination, and Performance, University of California, Haas
School of Business, mimeo.
• Li, W., Zhou, Y., Dymski, G., Chee, M. (2001), Banking
on social capital in the era of globalization: Chinese ethnobanks
in Los Angeles, Environment and Planning A, Vol 33, No. 11 pp.
1923-1948.
• Lind, J.T. (2003), Fractionalization
and the Size of Governenment, University of Oslo, Department
of Economics, mimeo.
• Loizos, P. (2000), Are Refugees Social Capitalists?, in Baron,
S., Field, J., Sculler, T. (eds), Social
Capital. Critical Perspectives, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• Loury, G.C. (1999), Social
Exclusion and Ethnic Groups: The Challenge to Economics, Annual
World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1999.
• Lyons, M., Snoxell, S. (2004), Migration, informality and
sustainable urban livelihoods: the role of social capital in four
west African markets, Migration and Social Capital Working Paper
1/04, London South Bank University, Urban & Peri-Urban Research
Unit, forthcoming in Urban Studies.
• Lyons, M., Snoxell, S. (2004), Creating urban social capital:
Some evidence from informal traders in Nairobi, Migration and Social
Capital Working Paper 2/04, London South Bank University, Urban
& Peri-Urban Research Unit, forthcoming in Urban Studies.
• Massey, D. (1998), March
of Folly: U.S. Immigration Policy after NAFTA, The American
Prospect, 37:22–33.
• Massey, D., Phua, V.C., White, M. (1996), The
Dimensions of Segregation Revisited, Sociological Methods and
Research 25 (November 1996), 172-206.
• Massey, D, Espinosa, K. (1997), What’s
Driving Mexico-U.S. Migration? A Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy
Analysis, American Journal of Sociology 102(4):939–99.
• Miguel, E. (2000), Ethnic
Diversity and School Funding in Kenya, University of California
Berkeley CIDER Working Paper, #C01-119.
• Miguel, E. (2002), Tribe
or Nation? Nation-Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania,
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, mimeo.
• Miguel, E., Gertler, P., Levine, D.I.
(2001), Did
Industrialization Destroy Social Capital in Indonesia?, Center
for International and Development Economics Research, Working Paper
Series No. 1047.
• Nee, V., Sanders, J., Sernau, S. (1994), Job Transitions
in Immigrant Metropolis: Ethnic Boundaries and the Mixed Economy,
American Sociological Review, 59, 849-72.
• Newbold, K.B. (2004), Chinese
Assimilation Across America: Spatial and Cohort Variations,
Growth and Change March 2004, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 198-219(22).
• Noguera, P.A. (2003), Schools,
Prisons, and Social Implications of Punishment: Rethinking Disciplinary
Practices, Theory Into Practice, Vol. 42, No. 4, Pages 341-350.
• Paletz, S.B.F., Peng, K., Erez, M., Maslach, C. (2004), Ethnic
Composition and its Differential Impact on Group Processes in Diverse
Teams, Small Group Research, Vol. 35, no. 2, 128-157.
• Posner, D.(2000), Ethnic Fractionalization: How (Not) To
Measure It? What Does (and Doesn’t) It Explain?, University
of California Los Angeles, Department of Political Science, mimeo.
• Posner, D., Humphreys, M., Weinstein, J. (2002), Ethnic
Identity, Collective Action, and Conflict: An Experimental Approach,
Paper prepared for Presentation at APSA, Boston, September 2002.
• Rahn, W., Suk Yoon, K., Loflin, K. (2003), Geographies
of Trust: Explaining Inter-Community Variation in General Social
Trust Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), Paper prepared
for and presented at the 58th Annual Conference of the American
Association for Public Opinion Research Nashville, TN, May 16, 2003.
• Reilly, B., Phillpot, R. (2002), “Making
Democracy Work” in Papua New Guinea: Social Capital and Provincial
Development in an Ethnically Fragmented Society, Asian Survey,
Vol. 42, No. 6 pp. 906-927.
• Reyes-ruiz , R. (2005), Creating
latino communities in the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area,
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 31, No. 1, 151-169.
• Sanders, J. (2002), Ethnic
Boundaries and Identity in Plural Societies, Annual Review of
Sociology, Vol. 28 pp. 327-357.
• Sassler, S., White, M. (1997), Ethnicity
Gender and Social Mobility in 1910, Social Science History,
21 (Fall 1997), 321-357.
• Soroka, S., Banting, K., Johnston, R. (2002), Ethnicity,
Trust and the Welfare State, in Kay, F., Johnston, R. (eds),
Diversity, Social Capital and the Welfare State, Vancouver, University
of British Columbia Press.
• Terrén, E. (2005), Integration
doesn't mean assimilation: ethnicity, social capital and schooling,
University of La Coruña, Unpublished Paper.
• Thomas, D.C. (1999), Cultural diversity and work group effectiveness
- An experimental study, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30
(2) 242-263.
• Tiemoko, R. (2003), Migration,
return and socio-economic change in West Africa: the role of family,
Sussex Migration Working Paper no. 15, Sussex Centre for Migration
Research.
• Varshney, A. (2001), Ethnic
Conflict and Civil Society: India and Beyond, World Politics,
Vol. 53, No. 3 pp. 362-398.
• Waldinger, R. (1997), Social
Capital or Social Closure? Immigrant Networks in the Labor Market,
Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies Working Paper Series, No.
26.
• Yuval-Davis, N., Anthias, F., Kofman, E. (2005), Secure
borders and safe haven and the gendered politics of belonging: Beyond
social cohesion, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 28, No. 3,
513-535.
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