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Social Interactions, Health and the Quality of Life in Urban and Rural Areas of Less Developed Countries

Studies collected in this section show how different forms of social capital may mitigate the effects of poverty and inequalities. For example, social networks make possible the creation of spontaneous mechanisms of informal insurance; collective action, often in the form of voluntary organizations, can improve the efficiency of public services delivery and/or of public social protection systems.
The section is under construction: suggestions and comments are always most welcome.

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Essential Readings

• Collier, P. (1998), Social Capital and Poverty, The World Bank Social Capital Initiative Working Papers, 4, Washington D.C., The World Bank.

• Fournier, F., Øyen, E., Darcy de Oliveira, M., Woolcock, M., Prakash, S., Innerarity, F. (2000), Social Capital and Poverty Reduction. Which Role for the Civil Society Organizations and the State?, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

• Gittel, R., Vidal, A. (1998), Community Organizing: Building Social Capital As A Development Strategy, Newbury Park, California, Sage Publications.

• Grootaert, C. (2001), Does Social Capital Help The Poor? A Synthesis of Findings from The Local Level Institutions Studies in Bolivia, Burkina Faso and Indonesia, Local Level Institutions Working Papers no. 10, Washington D.C., The World Bank.

• Kozel, V., Parker, B. (2000), Integrated Approaches To Poverty Assessment In India, in Bamberger, M. (edt), Integrating Quantitative And Qualitative Research In Development Projects, Washington D.C., World Bank.

• Krishna, A. (2002), Active Social Capital, New York, Columbia University Press.

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Further Readings

• Adair, T. (2004), Child Mortality in Indonesia's Mega-Urban Regions: Measurement, Analysis of Differentials, and Policy Implications, Paper presented at the 12th Biennal Conference of the Australian Population Association "Population and Society: Issues, Research, Policy".

• Adams, A.M., Chowdhury, M. (2003), Harnessing Social Capital for Health, Security, and Development in Bangladesh, Studies in Global Equity. Cambridge: Harvard University, Asia Center, Global Equity Initiative; distributed by Harvard University Press.

• Adams, A., Madhavan S, Simon D. (2002), Women's social networks and child survival in Mali, Social Science and Medicine 54(2):165-321.

• Adato, M., Ahmed, A.U., Lund, F. (2004), Linking safety nets, social protection, and poverty reduction, 2020 Africa Conference Brief 12, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

• Agarwal, S., Sarasua, I. (2002), Community-based Health Financing: CARE India's Experience in the Maternal and Infant Survival Project, Research in Healthcare Financial Management, Vol. 7, No. 1 pp.85-94.

• Ahmed, S.M., Adams, A.M., Chowdhury, M., Bhuiya, A. (2001), Gender, socioeconomic development and health seeking behaviour in Bangladesh, Social Science and Medicine. 51: 361-371.

• Alatas, V., Pritchett, L., Wettberg, A. (2003), Voice Lessons: Local Government Organizations, Social Organizations, and the Quality of Local Governance, Harvard University, mimeo.

• Asian Development Bank (2000), A Study of Rural Asia: An Overview. Beyond the Green Revolution, Manila, Asian Development Bank.

• Baliamoune-Lutz, M., Lutz, S.H. (2004), The Contribution of Income, Social Capital, and Institutions to Human Well-Being in Africa, Working Paper B07, Centre for European Integration Studies, University of Bonn.

• Barrett, C.B. (2004), Smallholder Identities and Social Networks: The Challenge of Improving Productivity and Welfare, forthcoming in C.B. Barrett (ed), The Social Economics of Poverty: Identities, Groups, Communities and Networks, London, Routledge.

• Bezemer, D.J., Lerman, Z. (2003), Rural Livelihoods in Armenia, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Center for Agricultural Economic Research, Discussion Paper No. 4.03.

• Bird, K., Shepherd, A. (2003), Livelihoods and chronic poverty in semi-arid Zimbabwe, World Development, Vol. 31, No. 3 pp.591-610.

• Bloch, F., Genicot, G., Ray, D. (2005), Informal Insurance in Social Networks, Georgetown University, mimeo.

• Bloom, D.E., Craig, P.H., Malaney, P.N. (2001), The Quality of Life in Rural Asia, Oxford and Manila, Oxford University Press and Asian Development Bank.

• Carpenter, J.P., Daniere, A.G., Takahashi, L.M. (2004), Social Capital and Trust in South-east Asian Cities, Urban Studies, Vol. 41, No. 4, 853–874, April 2004.

• Carter, M.N., Maluccio, J.A. (2002), Social Capital and Coping with Economic Shocks: an Analysis of Stunting of South African Children, FCND Discussion Paper No. 142.

• Coady, D. (2002), Designing and evaluating social safety nets: theory, evidence and policy conclusions, FCND Discussion Paper No. 172, International Food Policy Research Institute.

• Coate, S., Ravallion, M. (1993), Reciprocity Without Commitment: Characterization and Performance of Informal Insurance Arrangements, Journal of Development Economics, 40(1), 1-24.

• Conning, J., Kevane, M. (2001), Community based targeting mechanisms for social safety nets, Williams College Centre for Development Economics, mimeo.

• Crane, E. e Daniere, A. (1996), Measuring access to basic services in global cities: descriptive and behavioral approaches, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62, 203-21.

• Daniere, A., Takahashi, L.M. (1999), Poverty and access: differences and commonalities across slum communities in Bangkok, Habitat International, 23(2), 271-88.

• Daniere, A., Takahashi, L.M., NaRanong, A. (2002), Social capital and environmental management: culture, perceptions and action among slum dwellers in Bangkok, in Isham, J., Kelly, T. e S. Ramaswamy, S. (eds), Social Capital and Economic Development, Cheltenam, UK e Northampton, USA, Edward Elgar Publications.

• Dercon, S. (2000), Income risk, coping strategies and safety nets, The Centre for the Study of African Economies Working Paper Series, Paper No. 136, Berkeley Electronic Press.

• Dercon, S., De Weerdt, J. (2002), Risk Sharing Networks and Insurance Against Illness, The Centre for the Study of African Economies Working Paper Series. Working Paper 175.

• Dercon, S., Bold, T., De Weerdt, J., Pankhurst, A. (2004), Group Based Funeral Insurance in Ethiopia and Tanzania, CSAE WPS/2004-27, University of Oxford.

• De Weerdt, J. (2002), Risk-sharing and Endogenous Network Formation, WIDER Discussion Paper No. 2002/57, World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER).

• De Weerdt, J., Van de Gaer, D. (2004), Disentangling networks: defining and analysing cohesive subgroups, EDI and University of Ghent.

• Di Gregorio, M., Hagedorn, K., Kirk, M., Korf, B., McCarthy, N., Meinzen-Dick, R., Swallow, B. (2004), The Role of Property Rights and Collective Action for Poverty Reduction, Paper presented at the EGDI and UNU-WIDER Conference "Unlocking Human Potential: Linking the Informal and Formal Sectors", 17-18 September 2004, Helsinki, Finland.

• Dominguez, S., Watkins, C. (2003), Creating networks for survival and mobility: Social capital among African-American and Latin-American low-income mothers, Social Problems, Vol. 50, No.1 pp.111-135.

• Douglass, M. (1992), The political economy of urban poverty and environmental management in Asia: access, empowerment and community based alternatives, Environment and Urbanization, 4(2), 9-32.

• Douglass, M., Ard-Am, O., Ki Kim, I. (2003), Urban poverty and the environment: social capital and state-community sinergy in Seoul and Bangkok, in Evans, P. (eds), Livable Cities? Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability, Berkeley, University of California Press.

• Grootaert (2002) Social Capital, household welfare and poverty in Indonesia, Policy Research Working Paper no. 2148, Washington D.C., The World Bank.

• Haddad, L., Maluccio, J. (2000), Pathways of influence. Social capital and household welfare in South Africa, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), USA / id21 Development Reporting Service.

• Hallyday, T. (2004), Migration and Self-Insurance in Rural El Salvador, Princeton University, mimeo.

• ILO -Social Finance Unit (2001), Making social capital work - the role of mutual guarantee associations, International Labour Organization, Geneva.

• Isham, J. (2002), Institutional-based determinants of the impact of community-based services, Evidence from Sri Lanka and India, Middlebury College Working Paper Series.

• Knack, S. (1999), Social Capital, Growth And Poverty: A Survey Of Cross Country Evidence, The World Bank Social Capital Initiative Working Papers, 7.

• Krishna, A., Uphoff, N. (1999), Mapping and Measuring Social Capital: A Conceptual and Empirical Study of Collective Action for Conserving and Developing Watersheds in Rajastan, India, Social Capital Initiative Working Paper no. 13, Washington D.C., World Bank.

• McIntosh, A.C. (2003), Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor, Manila, Asian Development Bank.

• Miguel, E., Gertler, P., Levine, D.I. (2001), Did Industrialization Destroy Social Capital in Indonesia?, Center for International and Development Economics Research, Working Paper Series No. 1047.

• Moore K. (2001), Frameworks for understanding the intergenerational transmission of poverty and well-being in developing countries, CPRC Working Paper 8, Chronic Poverty Research Centre.

• Moser, C. (1998), Asset Vulnerability Framework: Reassessing Urban Poverty Reduction Strategies, World Development, Vol. 26, No. 1.

• Murduch, J., Sharma, M. (2001), Strengthening public safety nets: can the informal sector show the way?, IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 122, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

• Narayan, D., Nyamwaya, D. (1996), Learning From The Poor: A Participatory Poverty Assessment In Kenya, Enviroment Department Papers, Participation Series, 34, World Bank Social Policy and Resettlement Division, Washington D.C.

• Narayan, D., Pritchett, L. (1998), Cents and Sociability: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania, Economic Development and Cultural Change.

• Olivier, M., Kaseke, E., Mpedi, G. (2004), Formulating an Integrated Social Security Response. Perspectives on Developing Links Between Informal and Formal Social Security in the SADC Region, Paper presented at the EGDI and UNU-WIDER Conference "Unlocking Human Potential: Linking the Informal and Formal Sectors", 17-18 September 2004, Helsinki, Finland.

• Pelling, M. (1999), Shoring up against hard times: social vulnerability and environmental hazard in the Caribbean, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool / id21 Development Reporting Service.

• Richards, P., Bah, K., Vincent, J. (2004), Social Capital and Survival: Prospects for Community-Driven Development in Post- Conflict Sierra Leone, World Bank Social Development Papers, Paper No. 12/April 2004.

• Rosenzweig (1988), Risk, Implicit Contracts and the Family in Rural Areas of Low-Income Countries, The Economic Journal, December 1988 1148-1170.

• Sawyer, A. (2004), Social Capital, Survival Strategies and Their Potential for Post-Conflict Governance in Liberia, Paper presented at the EGDI and UNU-WIDER Conference "Unlocking Human Potential: Linking the Informal and Formal Sectors", 17-18 September 2004, Helsinki, Finland.

• Simon D., Adams A.M., Madhavan S. (2002), Women's social power, child nutrition and poverty in Mali, Journal of Biosocial Science, 2002, 34(2):193-213.

• Swamy, A.V., Grootaert, C., Oh, G. (2002), Social Capital, Household Welfare and Poverty in Burkina Faso, Journal of African Economies, March 2002, 11(1): 4-38.

• Tambunan, T. (2004), Urban Poverty, Informal Sector and Poverty Alleviation Policies in Indonesia, Paper presented at the EGDI and UNU-WIDER Conference "Unlocking Human Potential: Linking the Informal and Formal Sectors", 17-18 September 2004, Helsinki, Finland.

• Townsend, R. (1994), Risk and Insurance in Village India, Econometrica, 62(3), 539-591.

• Woolcock, M., Rao, V. (2001), Social Networks and Risk Management Strategies in Poor Urban Communities: What Do We Know?

• World Bank (2002), Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Projects: Lessons from the Past, Water and Sanitation Program Working Paper n. 1, Washington, World Bank Water and Sanitation Program.

• Yanagihara, T. (2001), Role of social capital and external actors in grassroots development, Paper prepared for the 2001 Meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington DC, September 2001.

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